非霍奇金淋巴瘤 (NHL) 一线治疗方案
权威癌症研究机构美国国家癌症研究所 (NCI)对非霍奇金淋巴瘤(惰性、非连续性Ⅱ/Ⅲ/Ⅳ期成人非霍奇金淋巴瘤 (NHL) )一线治疗方案:利妥昔单抗联合或不联合化疗。
利妥昔单抗联合或不联合化疗治疗非霍奇金淋巴瘤 (惰性、非连续性Ⅱ/Ⅲ/Ⅳ期成人非霍奇金淋巴瘤 (NHL) )医学证据
一、一项对 534 名既往未经治疗的晚期滤泡性淋巴瘤患者进行的前瞻性随机试验比较了 R-CHOP、R-FM 和 R-CVP。[1]
1.中位随访 84 个月,OS 没有差异(8 年 OS,83%;95% 置信区间 (CI),79%–87%),但 8 年 PFS 有利于 R-CHOP (52%) 和 R-FM (49%) 优于 R-CVP (42%)(三种方案的P = .037)。[1][证据级别:1iiDiii ]
二、四项针对既往未治疗患者(涉及超过 1,300 名患者)的随机前瞻性研究和一项包括未治疗和既往治疗患者(涉及近 1,000 名患者)的 Cochrane 荟萃分析比较了利妥昔单抗联合化疗与单独化疗。 [2,3,4]; [ 5,6 ][证据级别:1iiA ]
1.在所有研究中,利妥昔单抗加化疗在无事件生存期 (EFS) 或 PFS(范围为 2-3 年)方面以及在除一项研究之外的所有研究中的 OS 方面(绝对获益范围为 6%-13%在 4 年时,P < .04 和风险比 [HR] = 0.63 [0.51–0.79] 用于荟萃分析)。
2.所有这些试验都是在需要治疗的有症状患者中进行的。这些结果并没有否定适当的观察等待。
3.氟F18-氟脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射断层扫描 - 计算机断层扫描 (18F-FDG PET-CT) 扫描状态在利妥昔单抗加化疗诱导治疗完成时可强烈预测结果。目前尚不清楚根据扫描结果采取行动是否会转化为更好的结果。 [7,8]
三、在一项前瞻性随机试验NCT00991211[9]中,527 名惰性和套细胞淋巴瘤患者被随机分配到苯达莫司汀和利妥昔单抗组与 R-CHOP 组。[10][证据级别:1iiDiii ]
1.中位随访时间为45个月,中位 PFS 有利于苯达莫司汀组(69 个月 vs. 31 个月 [HR,0.58;95% CI,0.44-0.74;P < .0001]),但 OS 没有差异。
2.与R-CHOP 组相比,苯达莫司汀组与脱发、血液学毒性、口腔炎、周围神经病变和感染的发生率显着降低相关。
四、在一项类似的前瞻性随机试验中,447 名惰性和套细胞淋巴瘤患者被分配到苯达莫司汀和利妥昔单抗组与 R-CHOP 或 R-CVP 组。[11][证据级别:1iiDiii ]
1.中位随访 65 个月,5 年 PFS 有利于苯达莫司汀和利妥昔单抗,分别为 65.5% 和 55.8%(HR,0.61;95% CI,0.45-0.85;P = .0025),但 OS 没有差异.
2.苯达莫司汀联合利妥昔单抗组因心血管原因(7 比 1)和继发性恶性肿瘤(5 比 3)导致的死亡人数增加可能导致 OS 缺乏优势。
参考资料:
[1]Federico M, Luminari S, Dondi A, et al.: R-CVP versus R-CHOP versus R-FM for the initial treatment of patients with advanced-stage follicular lymphoma: results of the FOLL05 trial conducted by the Fondazione Italiana Linfomi. J Clin Oncol 31 (12): 1506-13, 2013.
[2]Marcus R, Imrie K, Solal-Celigny P, et al.: Phase III study of R-CVP compared with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone alone in patients with previously untreated advanced follicular lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 26 (28): 4579-86, 2008.
[3]Hiddemann W, Kneba M, Dreyling M, et al.: Frontline therapy with rituximab added to the combination of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) significantly improves the outcome for patients with advanced-stage follicular lymphoma compared with therapy with CHOP alone: results of a prospective randomized study of the German Low-Grade Lymphoma Study Group. Blood 106 (12): 3725-32, 2005.
[4]Herold M, Haas A, Srock S, et al.: Rituximab added to first-line mitoxantrone, chlorambucil, and prednisolone chemotherapy followed by interferon maintenance prolongs survival in patients with advanced follicular lymphoma: an East German Study Group Hematology and Oncology Study. J Clin Oncol 25 (15): 1986-92, 2007.
[5]Salles GA, Mounier N, de Guibert S, et al.: Rituximab combined with chemotherapy and interferon in follicular lymphoma patients: final analysis of the GELA-GOELAMS FL2000 study with a 5-year follow-up. [Abstract] Blood 110 (11): A-792, 2007.
[6]Schulz H, Bohlius J, Skoetz N, et al.: Combined immunochemotherapy with rituximab improves overall survival in patients with follicular and mantle cell lymphoma: updated meta-analysis results. [Abstract] Blood 108 (11): A-2760, 2006.
[7]Dupuis J, Berriolo-Riedinger A, Julian A, et al.: Impact of [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography response evaluation in patients with high-tumor burden follicular lymphoma treated with immunochemotherapy: a prospective study from the Groupe d'Etudes des Lymphomes de l'Adulte and GOELAMS. J Clin Oncol 30 (35): 4317-22, 2012.
[8]Trotman J, Fournier M, Lamy T, et al.: Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) after induction therapy is highly predictive of patient outcome in follicular lymphoma: analysis of PET-CT in a subset of PRIMA trial participants. J Clin Oncol 29 (23): 3194-200, 2011.
[9]Bendamustine Plus Rituximab Versus CHOP Plus Rituximab[NCT00991211].
[10]Rummel MJ, Niederle N, Maschmeyer G, et al.: Bendamustine plus rituximab versus CHOP plus rituximab as first-line treatment for patients with indolent and mantle-cell lymphomas: an open-label, multicentre, randomised, phase 3 non-inferiority trial. Lancet 381 (9873): 1203-10, 2013.
[11]Flinn IW, van der Jagt R, Kahl B, et al.: First-Line Treatment of Patients With Indolent Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma or Mantle-Cell Lymphoma With Bendamustine Plus Rituximab Versus R-CHOP or R-CVP: Results of the BRIGHT 5-Year Follow-Up Study. J Clin Oncol 37 (12): 984-991, 2019.