浆细胞肿瘤(多发性骨髓瘤)治疗方案
权威癌症研究机构美国国家癌症研究所 (NCI)对浆细胞肿瘤(多发性骨髓瘤)治疗方案:巩固化疗-串联自体骨髓或外周干细胞移植,然后进行自体或异基因移植(来那度胺 + 硼替佐米 + 地塞米松)。
巩固化疗-串联自体骨髓或外周干细胞移植,然后进行自体或异基因移植(来那度胺+硼替佐米+地塞米松)治疗浆细胞肿瘤(多发性骨髓瘤)医学证据
大剂量治疗的另一种方法是使用干细胞支持(串联移植)连续两次大剂量治疗。 [1-2]
一、一项纳入 1,803名患者的六项随机临床试验的荟萃分析比较了单次自体造血细胞移植与串联自体造血细胞移植。
1.OS(HR,0.94;95% CI,0.77–1.14)或 EFS(HR,0.86;95% CI,0.70–1.05)没有差异。[3][证据级别:1A ]
二、一项对 758 名在不到 12 个月内完成诱导治疗的患者进行的前瞻性随机试验比较了ASCT(自体干细胞移植)加来那度胺维持、串联ASCT和ASCT加VRd(来那度胺+硼替佐米+地塞米松)维持。 [4]
1.这三个随机组之间的38个月PFS (53.9%-58.5%) 和 OS (81.8%-85.4%) 没有差异。[4][证据级别:1iiA ]
三、五个不同的小组比较了单次或串联自体移植与一次自体移植,然后是来自人类白细胞抗原 (HLA) 相同兄弟姐妹的低强度调节同种异体移植;治疗分配基于是否存在 HLA 相同的兄弟姐妹。在这些非随机试验中,结果与生存率不一致。[5-6 ][证据级别:3iiiA ]
四、六项临床试验比较了接受串联自体移植的患者与接受自体移植后强度降低的同种异体 SCT 的患者的结果。根据 HLA 匹配供体的可用性,将患者分配到后一种治疗。对这些数据的两项荟萃分析表明,尽管接受降低强度异基因SCT的患者的完全缓解率较高,但 OS 具有可比性,因为异基因移植的非复发死亡率发生率增加。 [7,8][证据水平: 1iiA ]
一项对14项对照研究的Cochrane综述发现,没有一项试验有助于当代关于单次移植与串联移植的治疗决策。[9] 没有一项试验使用硼替佐米或来那度胺,并且对第二次移植的依从性急剧下降使样本量计算变得复杂以获得足够的统计能力。
参考资料:
[1]Barlogie B, Tricot GJ, van Rhee F, et al.: Long-term outcome results of the first tandem autotransplant trial for multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 135 (2): 158-64, 2006.
[2]Rotta M, Storer BE, Sahebi F, et al.: Long-term outcome of patients with multiple myeloma after autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation and nonmyeloablative allografting. Blood 113 (14): 3383-91, 2009.
[3]Kumar A, Kharfan-Dabaja MA, Glasmacher A, et al.: Tandem versus single autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation for the treatment of multiple myeloma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 101 (2): 100-6, 2009.
[4]Stadtmauer EA, Pasquini MC, Blackwell B, et al.: Autologous Transplantation, Consolidation, and Maintenance Therapy in Multiple Myeloma: Results of the BMT CTN 0702 Trial. J Clin Oncol 37 (7): 589-597, 2019.
[5]Moreau P, Garban F, Attal M, et al.: Long-term follow-up results of IFM99-03 and IFM99-04 trials comparing nonmyeloablative allotransplantation with autologous transplantation in high-risk de novo multiple myeloma. Blood 112 (9): 3914-5, 2008.
[6]Rosiñol L, Pérez-Simón JA, Sureda A, et al.: A prospective PETHEMA study of tandem autologous transplantation versus autograft followed by reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic transplantation in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Blood 112 (9): 3591-3, 2008.
[7]Armeson KE, Hill EG, Costa LJ: Tandem autologous vs autologous plus reduced intensity allogeneic transplantation in the upfront management of multiple myeloma: meta-analysis of trials with biological assignment. Bone Marrow Transplant 48 (4): 562-7, 2013.
[8]Kharfan-Dabaja MA, Hamadani M, Reljic T, et al.: Comparative efficacy of tandem autologous versus autologous followed by allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Hematol Oncol 6: 2, 2013.
[9]Naumann-Winter F, Greb A, Borchmann P, et al.: First-line tandem high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation versus single high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma, a systematic review of controlled studies. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 10: CD004626, 2012.